Τρίτη 1 Σεπτεμβρίου 2015

Ἀμαθέστατοι ὅσοι ὑποτιμοῦν τοὺς μύθους

Ἡ ὕβρις ἦταν σημαντικὸ θέμα στοὺς Ἕλληνες. Μὲ τὸν Φαέθονα μπορεῖ νὰ ταυτιστῇ ἡ ἀνθρωπότης ἡ ὁποία μιμεῖται τὴν Φύσιν, ἀλλὰ λόγῳ ἀνεπαρκείας γνώσεων χάνει τὸν ἔλεγχο μὲ ἀνυπολόγιστες καταστροφές, αἱ ὁποῖες ἀποβαίνουν τελικῶς καὶ ἐναντίον του.

Στοὺς μύθους  κρύβονται πολλὲς ἀλήθειες. Ταυτοχρόνως ὁ μῦθος τοῦ Φαέθονος διδάσκει καὶ ὅτι στὶς καταστροφικὲς παρεκκλίσεις τῆς Φύσεως σὲ κάποιον τομέα, αἱ ὁποῖαι συμβαίνουν κάποιες φορὲς, ὅταν προκύψουν κάποιες ἀνωμαλίες ταυτοχρόνως, ἡ Φύσις ὡς ὅλον ἐπεμβαίνει στὸ τέλος σταθεροποιητικῶς καὶ ἐξισοῤῥοπητικῶς.

Στὴν δεύτερη ἀλληγορικὴ ἐξήγησιν φαίνεται πόσο καλύτερον εἶναι ἡ προσωποποίησις καὶ ἡ χρησιμοποίησις ὀνομάτων γιὰ τὰ μέρη τῆς Φύσεως. Ὁ Ἥλιος στὴν πορεία του κάτι συναντᾷ, τὸ ὁποῖο ἐκφράζεται ἐν προκειμένῳ μὲ μία Νύμφη μὲ τὴν ὁποία τεκνοποιεῖ, δημιουργεῖται μία ἀνωμαλία, δηλαδὴ ὁ Φαέθων ὡς παράγωγο τῆς δράσεως τοῦ Ἡλίου μὲ τὸ κάτι (τὴν Νύμφη), αὐτὸ διαταράσσει τὴν τάξιν, ἀλλὰ ὁ Κόσμος ὡς σύνολον ἔχει τὰ ἐχέγγυα νὰ ἀποκαταστήσῃ τὴν ἰσοῤῥοπίαν, ἐν προκειμένῳ ὁ θεὸς Ζεὺς κατακεραυνώνει τὸν Φαέθονα.

Ὁ ἴδιος ὁ μῦθος μπορεῖ νὰ περιέχῃ καὶ ἄλλες ἀλήθειες καὶ νὰ εἶναι ταυτοχρόνως ὅλες σωστές. Εἶναι ὅπως πολλὰ νήματα, τυλιγμένα τὸ ἕνα γύρω ἀπὸ τὸ ἄλλο νὰ παράξουν μία κλωστή.



Πηγή

Δεν πρέπει δε ν' απορεί κανείς που οι αμαθέστατοι των ανθρώπων (2) θεωρούν τα αγάλματα ξύλα και πέτρες (3), αφού και τα γράμματα έτσι τα θεωρούν οι αναλφάβητοι, αντιμετωπίζοντας τις ενεπίγραφες στήλες σαν απλές πέτρες, τις πινακίδες σαν ξύλα και τα βιβλία σαν δεμένο πάπυρο»

Πηγή

HELIOS (or Helius) was the Titan god of the sun. He was also the guardian of oaths and the god of gift of sight. Helios dwelt in a golden palace located in the River Okeanos at the eastern ends of the earth. From there he emerged each dawn driving a chariot drawn by four, fiery winged steeds and crowned with the aureole of the sun. When he reached the the land of the Hesperides (Evenings) in the West he descended into a golden cup which carried him around the northern streams of Okeanos back to his rising place in the East. Once his son Phaethon attempted to drive the chariot of the sun, but losing control, set the earth on fire. Zeus then struck him down with a thunderbolt.

Helios was depicted as a handsome, and usually beardless, man clothed in purple robes and crowned with the shining aureole of the sun. His sun-chariot was drawn by four steeds, sometimes winged. Helios was identified with several gods including fiery Hephaistos and light-bringing Apollon.

Πηγή

PHAETHON was a young son of Helios and Klymene who begged his father to let him drive the chariot of the sun. The Sun-god reluctantly conceded to the boy's wishes and handed him the reigns. However, the inexperienced Phaethon quickly lost control of the immortal steeds, and the sun-chariot veered out of control setting the earth aflame, scorching the plains of Africa to desert. Zeus was appalled by the destruction and struck the boy from the chariot with a thunderbolt, hurling his flaming body into the waters of the river Eridanos. His sisters, the Heliades, gathered on the banks, and in their mourning with transformed into amber-teared poplar trees.

After his death Phaethon was placed amongst the stars as the constellation Auriga ("the Charioteer"), or else transformed into the god of the star which the Greeks called Phaethon--the planet Jupiter or Saturn. The name Phaethon means "the shining" or "radiant one," derived from the verb phaethô, "to shine."